湖(hu)北銳(rui)昊建筑(zhu)公司(si)就關于冬季房(fang)屋(wu)建筑施(shi)工的技術措施(shi)相(xiang)關內容(rong)跟(gen)大家一起(qi)來探討下(xia)，以供(gong)參考(kao)。

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期(qi)的(de)(de)長短對一建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑項目效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)是很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)，在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，受自然氣(qi)候(hou)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，加之工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)進(jin)度(du)需(xu)要(yao)，有時(shi)不可避免的(de)(de)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)冬期(qi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，按《建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)冬期(qi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)規程(cheng)(cheng)》（JGJ104-97）規范(fan)規定，當(dang)(dang)室外(wai)日平均氣(qi)溫(wen)連(lian)續(xu)5天穩定低(di)于(yu)5℃即進(jin)入冬期(qi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，若采取的(de)(de)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)不當(dang)(dang)，會給(gei)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)帶來不利(li)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，易給(gei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量造成隱患或出(chu)現質量事故，所以(yi)房屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)應盡可能(neng)在高于(yu)5℃的(de)(de)氣(qi)溫(wen)條件下施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。因為其強(qiang)度(du)增(zeng)長主要(yao)靠水(shui)(shui)化作用(yong)，水(shui)(shui)結冰(bing)時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)化作用(yong)停止，而(er)且水(shui)(shui)結冰(bing)時(shi)，體積會膨脹，促(cu)使混凝士結構松散破壞，因此，當(dang)(dang)晝夜平均氣(qi)溫(wen)低(di)于(yu)-5℃時(shi)，應停止施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。當(dang)(dang)晝夜平均氣(qi)溫(wen)在5℃至-5℃之間，則(ze)應采取措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)加以(yi)保護方能(neng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

作(zuo)好施(shi)工前的(de)準備(bei)工作(zuo)，是作(zuo)好冬期施(shi)工的(de)前提(ti)

首先(xian)，要(yao)注意提前收(shou)集施工地冬(dong)期氣溫變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)資料。由于《建筑工程冬(dong)期施工規程》（JGJ104-97）規范規定，當室外日平均氣溫連續5天穩定低于5℃即(ji)(ji)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)冬(dong)期施工，因(yin)(yin)此，在(zai)工程即(ji)(ji)將進(jin)入(ru)(ru)冬(dong)期施工前，要(yao)提前準備和防(fang)范，把不利(li)的(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素消除在(zai)萌芽(ya)狀態，要(yao)提前收(shou)集當地冬(dong)期的(de)(de)氣象資料，了(le)解(jie)當地的(de)(de)氣溫變(bian)化(hua)、持(chi)續時(shi)間、最低溫度以及(ji)最大風、雪等(deng)資料，還要(yao)了(le)解(jie)施工過程中未來一周(zhou)的(de)(de)天氣變(bian)化(hua)，只有這樣才能做到(dao)防(fang)患于未然(ran)。其次，準備好冬(dong)季施工的(de)(de)材料。

作好冬期施工技(ji)術文件的編制工作，是冬季施工的主要(yao)措(cuo)施

在(zai)工(gong)程進入冬期(qi)施工(gong)前(qian)，要提前(qian)編(bian)制(zhi)好冬期(qi)施工(gong)技術文(wen)件(jian)，作為冬期(qi)施工(gong)的(de)技術指(zhi)導性文(wen)件(jian)，是冬季施工(gong)的(de)主要措(cuo)施。

冬期施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術文件(jian)必須包括施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)或技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)或技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)包括以下(xia)主要內容：冬期施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)生產任務(wu)安(an)(an)排和(he)(he)部署；施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)材(cai)料(liao)進(jin)場計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃；勞(lao)動力計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃；熱(re)源、設(she)備計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃和(he)(he)部署；冬期施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員培(pei)訓(xun)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃；工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量的(de)控制要點；冬期安(an)(an)全生產的(de)要點；施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序及進(jin)度(du)安(an)(an)排；各分項工(gong)(gong)程的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

作好人員培訓和技術交底工(gong)作，是冬季施工(gong)的(de)關鍵

1作好施工人(ren)員的培(pei)訓(xun)工作。冬期(qi)施工由于在負溫(wen)下進行作業，不了解或不熟悉冬期(qi)施工規(gui)律，易造成(cheng)工程質量事故，為(wei)保證工程質量，冬期(qi)施工前必須進行人(ren)員培(pei)訓(xun)，培(pei)訓(xun)內容為(wei)：

（1）要學(xue)習國家和地方有關冬期(qi)施工(gong)規(gui)范、標準、規(gui)定，如《建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)冬期(qi)施工(gong)規(gui)程(cheng)》（JGJ104-97）規(gui)范等文件；（2）學(xue)習有關冬期(qi)施工(gong)的基(ji)本理論知識及施工(gong)方法。

2進行冬期(qi)施(shi)(shi)工前(qian)的技(ji)術交底(di)工作。進行技(ji)術交底(di)的目的是(shi)防(fang)止施(shi)(shi)工操作人員違反冬期(qi)施(shi)(shi)工規(gui)律，造成操作不當，人為(wei)的造成質量(liang)事(shi)故。施(shi)(shi)工前(qian)技(ji)術交底(di)的重(zhong)點是(shi)：

（1）原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)使(shi)用方法；（2）原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)加熱或(huo)保(bao)護；（3）原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)測(ce)(ce)溫或(huo)成(cheng)品的(de)測(ce)(ce)溫；（4）成(cheng)品的(de)保(bao)護或(huo)養護工作。

3作好原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)的(de)(de)檢驗復(fu)(fu)(fu)試及材料(liao)的(de)(de)配合比。在(zai)(zai)冬(dong)期(qi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中各種原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)需要(yao)進行(xing)復(fu)(fu)(fu)試的(de)(de)必須進行(xing)復(fu)(fu)(fu)試，以防不(bu)合格的(de)(de)材料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中，另(ling)外。在(zai)(zai)冬(dong)期(qi)混凝(ning)土(tu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中經常要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)些外加(jia)劑，隨著氣(qi)溫的(de)(de)不(bu)斷變化用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)不(bu)一(yi)，加(jia)上目(mu)前時常假冒偽劣產(chan)品(pin)較(jiao)多，如果不(bu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)試，直接(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，將有可能給工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程帶來(lai)嚴重(zhong)后果，要(yao)消(xiao)除引(yin)起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)隱患的(de)(de)因素，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)進行(xing)重(zhong)新復(fu)(fu)(fu)試是必要(yao)的(de)(de)。

制(zhi)定冬(dong)期(qi)安全施(shi)工措施(shi)

冬期施(shi)工(gong)氣溫(wen)較低，引發安全事故的因素(su)較多(duo)，在施(shi)工(gong)前要制定相(xiang)應的冬期安全施(shi)工(gong)措施(shi)，配備必(bi)要的安全防護用(yong)品，對施(shi)工(gong)人員進行安全教(jiao)育，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)高空作業和特(te)殊(shu)工(gong)種的教(jiao)育，并(bing)加(jia)強現場施(shi)工(gong)管理工(gong)作，確保工(gong)程安全施(shi)工(gong)。

冬期施(shi)工(gong)雖(sui)不(bu)常發生(sheng)，但(dan)如果發生(sheng)不(bu)提(ti)前準備和防范，會(hui)影響給工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)、進度，措施(shi)不(bu)當會(hui)給工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)帶來隱(yin)患，因此，在工(gong)程(cheng)即將進入冬期前作好防范，在施(shi)工(gong)期間作好控制是必(bi)(bi)要的(de)(de)，是保證工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)必(bi)(bi)須的(de)(de)措施(shi)。