瀝青路面水損害的原因有哪些？湖北銳昊建筑公司下面就給大家介紹下：

1.表(biao)面產(chan)生坑洞

由于瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)凝(ning)土的(de)不均勻性，坑(keng)洞(dong)總是首先(xian)在(zai)局部(bu)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)凝(ning)土空隙(xi)率較大(da)處產生。通常采用(yong)半開式（Ⅱ型）瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)凝(ning)土表(biao)層時，產生的(de)水損破壞更為嚴重。事實(shi)表(biao)明(ming)，只要有自由水侵入并滯(zhi)留在(zai)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)凝(ning)土的(de)孔隙(xi)中，不管是傳(chuan)統純瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)凝(ning)土，還是改性瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)或加抗(kang)剝落劑的(de)SMA，在(zai)大(da)量(liang)行車(che)作(zuo)用(yong)下，都會產生瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)剝落現(xian)象。

2.表面(mian)層(ceng)和中面(mian)層(ceng)同時產(chan)生(sheng)坑洞以及局(ju)部(bu)表面(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)網裂和變形

當表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和中(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)都是(shi)空隙(xi)率較(jiao)大的(de)半開級配(pei)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)凝土(tu)，而底面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為空隙(xi)率較(jiao)小的(de)密實(shi)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)凝土(tu)時，降水過程中(zhong)(zhong)，自(zi)(zi)由水較(jiao)易滲入并滯留(liu)在表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和中(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)內。當表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)半開級配(pei)、中(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為密實(shi)式(shi)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)凝土(tu)時，在較(jiao)長時間(jian)(jian)的(de)降水過程中(zhong)(zhong)，自(zi)(zi)由水透(tou)入表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)后(hou)較(jiao)長時間(jian)(jian)從中(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)薄(bo)弱處浸入中(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，并滯留(liu)在表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和中(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)內。大量快速行車使此兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)凝土(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)分碎石上的(de)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)剝落，導致表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)產生(sheng)(sheng)網裂、形(xing)變(bian)和向外側推擠或產生(sheng)(sheng)坑洞。

3.唧漿、網裂、坑洞

水透過(guo)瀝青面(mian)層滯留在(zai)半剛性基層頂(ding)面(mian)，在(zai)大量(liang)快(kuai)速行車(che)作用下，自由水產生很大的壓力并沖刷基層混合(he)料(liao)表層的細料(liao)形成灰(hui)白漿。灰(hui)漿通過(guo)各種形狀(zhuang)裂縫被行車(che)壓唧(ji)到路(lu)表面(mian)，可使路(lu)面(mian)產生網裂、變形或坑洞。

4.橋面唧漿或坑洞

橋梁、通道等(deng)構造物以及水泥混凝(ning)土鋪裝層上的(de)(de)瀝青(qing)混凝(ning)土面層相對于路基上的(de)(de)面層更容(rong)易產生(sheng)坑洞。橋面產生(sheng)坑洞也(ye)往往是先產生(sheng)唧漿（白漿），接著形變、網裂和(he)坑洞。

5.瀝(li)青面層空隙率(lv)過大產生滲水

據資料(liao)(liao)顯示：當瀝(li)(li)青路(lu)面(mian)的空隙(xi)(xi)率小(xiao)于8%時(shi)(shi)，瀝(li)(li)青層中水(shui)(shui)(shui)在荷載作用(yong)(yong)下一般不(bu)(bu)會產生(sheng)動(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓力(li)(li)，不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易造成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)損(sun)破(po)壞。當排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性混合料(liao)(liao)的路(lu)面(mian)空隙(xi)(xi)率大于15%時(shi)(shi)，一般都采用(yong)(yong)改性瀝(li)(li)青，且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)能夠(gou)在空隙(xi)(xi)中自由(you)流動(dong)，也不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易造成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)損(sun)破(po)壞。而當路(lu)面(mian)實際空隙(xi)(xi)率在8%～15%的范(fan)圍時(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)容(rong)易產生(sheng)較大的毛細壓力(li)(li)成(cheng)為動(dong)力(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，造成(cheng)瀝(li)(li)青混合料(liao)(liao)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)損(sun)壞。